Classification of Yarn | different class of yarn | types of yarn

From the variety of yarns that are made commercially, it would appear that there is no limit to the number of functional and aesthetic design possibilities and to the number of distinctly different yarns. Natural, regenerated, and synthetic fibers are processed alone and in multitude of blend combinations on staple yarn systems. Several combinations of continuous filament and staple fiber yarn blends are also made. Even when a yarn is made from a particular staple fiber or continuous filament, a great number of variations are possible. Through subsequent processing of a chemical or mechanical nature, basic staple or continuous filament yarns can acquire substantially different structural features that can be dramatically change the appearance and functional performance of  the original yarns.

Yarns can be classified as follows

Notwithstanding the seemingly infinite variety, yarns may also be conveniently classified according to their physical properties and performance characteristics. The physical properties and performance characteristic of yarns depend on the physical properties of the constituent fibers or filaments and on yarn structure.

PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF YARN:

Physical properties of yarn also depend on the various parameters, such as:-

i)                   Higher the staple length higher the strength.

ii)                 Lower the staple length lowers the strength.

iii)               Higher the uniformity of fiber length stronger the yarn.

iv)              Higher the maturity ratio higher the strength.

v)               Finer fiber will produce strong yarn.

vi)             Strength increases with twist up to an optimum limit.

vii)            Lower the twist lowers the strength but there is a minimum twist limit.

viii)          Higher the unevenness of yarn lowers the strength.

ix)       The strength of cotton fiber increases with higher moisture content, but for wool strength decreases for higher moisture content.

x)              For synthetic fiber moisture does not have significant impact on strength.

xi)           Some finishes, like mercerization increases yarn strength.

xii)         Higher number of drawing passage weaker the yarn.

xiii)      Higher major number of beating point weaker the strength .Closer nip distance will produce more short fibers thus weaker the yarn.

 

Yarn Type	General Yarn Properties
Staple yarns         Combed cotton         Carded cotton         Worsted         Woolen	Excellent hand, covering power, comfort and textured appearance Fair strength and uniformity
Continuous filament yarns          Natural          Man-made or synthetic	Excellent strength, uniformity and possibility for fineness Fair hand proof covering power
Novelty yarn          Fancy          Metallic	Excellent decorative features or characteristics
Special end-use or industrial yarns          Tire cord          Rubber or elastic          Core          Multiply          Coated	Purely functional; designed to satisfy a specify a specific set of condition.
High bulk yarns          Staple          Continuous filament (Taslan)	Great covering power with little weight, good loftiness or fullness
Stretch yarn          Twist-heat set-untwist                 (Helanca, Fluflon)          Crimp-heat set                 (Ban-lon)          Stress under tension                 (Agilon)          Knit-deknit          Gear crimp	Stretch ability and cling without great pressure, good hand covering power