What is textile raw materials

The general description of the fibers that in most cases form the raw material from which yarns and fabrics flax. These fibers have certain inherent characteristics that make them suitable for conversion into fabrics that are most commonly used in day-to-day wear. In addition, there are many other natural fibers, such as, jute, hemp, ramie, sisal, kenaf , and kapok , that have been utilized for certain specific end-uses.

are produced (yarns may also be made from ribbons, slit films, and splitting of plastic films). Until recently, most textiles were produced from fibers of primarily natural origin. The important natural fibers presently in use for apparel applications are cotton, wool, silk, and

In recent years, this list has been supplemented by a variety of new fibers called man-made fibers (which include regenerated and synthetic types). Most of the developments in the field of regenerated and synthetic fibers have been directed toward simulating the properties of natural fibers and towards utilizing the production techniques already employed in the processing of the natural yarns. However, the introduction of these fibers has caused

great changes in technology and processing techniques; some of these are quite different from those used in the manufacture of conventional spun yarns. Our purpose here, therefore, is to discuss the general classification of the textile fibers and the properties that make them suitable for conversion into yarns and fabrics.

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macro-structure of cotton fiber | Under a microscope cotton

Under a microscope a cotton fiber appears as a very fine, regular fiber, looking like a twisted ribbon or a collapsed and twisted tube. These twists are called convolutions there are about sixty convolutions per centimeter. The convolutions give cotton an uneven fiber surface, which increases inter-fiber friction and enables fine cotton, yearns of squatted strength to be spun. The appearance of the cotton fiber’s cross sections is referred as being kidney-shaped. The micro structure of cotton The cotton fiber is a single plant cell. Its cross-section is oval, compared with the normal hexagonal plant cell. Cotton has a district cuticle, well developed primary and secondary walls and a lumen. Layer 1 the cuticle is a waxy protective layer that provides water resistance to the fibers as they are growing. This lawyer is removed by scouring during processing before spinning.

Importance of twisted structure of textile fiber

Trelor in his Mather lecture, titled “Twisted Structures” adequately recognizes the role of twist in yarns and the part it plays in the design of textile structures .He discusses the obvious necessity of twist in the natural and staple fibers by pointing out “ Twist is essential to provide a certain minimum coherence between fibers, without a yarn having a significant tensile strength cannot be made. This coherence is dependent on the frictional forces brought into play by the lateral pressures between fibers arising from the application of a tensile stress along the yarn axis. With the introduction of continuous filament yarns, however, the role of twist must be reconsidered. In continuous filament yarns, twist is not necessary for the attainment of tensile strength (in fact, it reduces it) but it is necessary for the achievement of satisfactory resistance to abrasion, fatigue, or other types of damage associated with stresses other than a simple tensile stress, and typified ...

Types of Yarn twist | different types of yarn twist | S twist | Z twist

Types of Yarn twist different types of yarn twist S twist Z twist“S” TWIST: A single yarn has “S” twist if when it is held in the vertical direction , the fibers inclined to the conform in direction of slope of the contact portion of the letter “S”. axis of the yarn “Z” TWIST. A single has “Z” twist if when it is held in the vertical direction, the fibers inclined to the yarn axis conform in the direction of the slope to the central portion of the letter “Z”. DIRECTION OF TWIST: In the designation of yarns, it is essential to specify the direction of twist. Besides its importance in simplifying the trade, it is of great technical importance in designing fabrics. For example, in a twill fabric, the direction of twist in the yarn is of particular importance in determining the predominance of twill effect. For a right-handed twill, the best contrasting effect will be obtained when a yarn with Z twist is used; on the other-hand a left-handed twist will produce a fabric ha...

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