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Classification of textile fiber | The physical and mechanical properties of various textile fibers

The textile fibers may be divided into two major groups, and other group also may classified as like this.
(a) Natural fibers and
(b) Man-made fibers


Physical Properties of Textile Fibers for twist structure

α = Actual fibers – usual textile fibers are coarse bundles.
b = Much lower antistatic agents.


Fiber type
Name
Range of Diameter (m)
Density (g/cm3)
Initial Modulus (gf/tex)
Tenacity (gf/tex)
Breaking extension (%)
Natural Vegetable
Cotton
11-22
1.52
500
35
7
Flax
5-40α
1.52
1830
55
3
Jute
8-30 α
1.52
1750
50
2
Sisal
8-40 α
1.52
2500
40
2
Natural Animal
Wool
18-44
1.31
250
12
40
silk
10-15
1.34
750
40
23








Regenerated
Viscose rayon
12+
1.46-1.54
500
20
20
High tenacity rayon
12+
1.46-1.54
600
51
10
Polynosic rayon
12+
1.49
800
30
8
Fortisan              
5+
1.49
1700
60
6
Acetate
15+
1.32
350
13
24
Triacetate
15+
1.32
300
12
30
Casein
17+
1.30
350
10
60
Nylon
6
14+
1.14
250
32-65
30-55
6.6
14+
1.14
250
32-65
16-66
Qian(du Pont)
10+
1.03

25
26-36

Polyster
Dacron (du Pont)
12+
1.34
1000
25-54
12-55
Kodel (Estman)
12+
1.38
1000
40-50
35-45
Acrylic
Orlon (du Pont)
12+
1.16
650
20-30
20-28
Acrilan( monsanto)
12+
1.17
650
18-25
35-50
Polyolefin
Polypropylene

091
800
60
20
Polyethylene

0.95

30-60
10-45
Aramid {Nomex(dupoint)}
12+
1.38

36-50
2-32
Novolid{Kynol(Carborandum)}

1.25

16
35
Spandex{ycra(dupoint)}

1.21

6-8
444-555
Inorganic
Glass
5+
2.54
3000
76
2-5
Asbestos
0.01-.30 α
2.5
1300



Mechanical Properties of Textile Fibers for twist structure
c = Decomposes first
d = Does not melt

Name
Work of Rupture(g/tex)
Elastic resistance 65% rh. (ohm-cm)
Moisture Regain 65% rh. (%)
Melting Point(°c)
Strength Retentions 20 days 130°c-(%)
Attack by Chemicals Dissolved //Deraded by
Cotton
1.3
107
7
c
38
Strong acid
Flax
0.8
107
7
c
24
Strong alkalis
Jute
0.5
107
12
c

Mildew
Sisal
0.5
107
8
c

Light
Wool
3
109
14
c

Strong alkali
silk
6
1010
10
c

Acids, lights
Viscose rayon
3
107
13
c
44
Acid,
Strong alkalis, light, mildew
High tenacity rayon
4
107
13
c

Polynosic rayon
1
107
11
c

Fortisan
2
107
11
c
28
Acetate
2
1013b
6
230

Acids, alkalis, light, acetone acid & alkali light
Triacetate
2
>1012b
4
230

Casein
4
109
14
c

Nylon
6
6-7
>1012b
2.8-5
225
21
Strong Acids
6.6
6-7
>1012b
2.8-5
250
21
Oxidizing agents
Qian(du Pont)


2.5
274

Light

Polyster
Dacron (du Pont)
2.9
>1012b
0.4
250
95
Strong Alkalis
Kodel (Estman)
9
>1012b
0.4
250
95
Strong Alkalis
Acrylic
Orlon (du Pont)
5
>1012b
1.5
Sticks at 235

Strong Alkalis
Acrilan( monsanto)
5
>1012b
1.5
d
91
Strong Alkalis
Polyolefin
Polypropylene
8
>1012b
0.1
165

Light
Polyethylene
3
>1012b
0
115

Very resistant
Aramid {Nomex(du Pont)}
7.5

6.5
Decomposed at 380°c

Resistant
Novolid{Kynol(Carborandum)}
5

6
Chars-Carbon 300-580

Strong Alkalis
Spandex{yacra (du Pont)}
18

1.3
230

Resistant
Glass
1
109
0
800
100
Very resistant
Asbestos


1
1500

Very resistant



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