Many of the physical properties
can be modified to confer desirable properties on man-made fibers. For example,
other chemical may be added to modify their composition and properties; these
can open-up the structure and make the fibers more accessible to water and
dyestuff. To modify the aesthetics of fabrics made from man-made fibers,
manufactures have also altered linear density, shrinkage, crimp level and
character, surface charge characteristics, cross-sectional shape and many
fibers can be produced with built-in-color. Variable fiber shrinkage gives
bulking properties, crimped fibers and springy and bulky, and straight fibers
are soft and smooth to the hand. Surface friction is also important; fine
fibers with smooth surfaces can provide a soft, luxurious handle. The shape of
the fiber cross-section can be modified by spinning from spinnerets with
non-circular orifices. The degree of departure from the circularity and
differences in shape offer a large variety of possibilities. Flat fibers have a
high luster and tend to glitter; they are said to have harsh handle. Fibers with
lobed cross-sections have high luster; this type of cross-section affects
bending of the fibers and is said to give increased firmness and crispness of
handle. Tailored nylon fibers are similar in cross-section to silk fibers, and
the fabric made from them is then said to be closely resemble silk in handle.
Such fibers, it is also claimed to show soiling so readily.
Thermal stability of fibers is
also important for such domestic processes as ironing, and the related property
of flammability is even more crucial. These matters are largely concerned with
the fiber material; new types of nylon have much higher dangerous temperature
and are much more heat resistance; they are used in fire resistant clothing.
There is, therefore, a very wide range of technology involving many factors of
Material and methods, and within it the properties of man-made fibers can be
modified in fundamental ways that enables them to be design for particular
engineering and textile-end uses. Also because of the possible variations of
many of the processing factors, what may appear to be the same sorts of fiber
made by different manufacturers but may have different physical properties and
may behave differently in processing.
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