Yarn designation factor required to expres yarn structure

They are i)Yarn Count; ii) Number of filament; iii) Fiber components; iv) Direction and amount of twist; v) Number of components in folding; vi) Number of components in cabling.

YARN DESCRIPTION:-

To properly describe a specific yarn for communicative purposes, a great deal of information is required.

 First, - the fiber content must be generically identified, and in the case of blend, by proportion of the total weight of the yarn. The physical properties of the constituent fibers (fiber length, fineness, crimp, cross-sectional shape, de-lusterment, etc) should be described also.
Second, - the yarn constructional features (staple or continuous filament; singles, ply or combination) should be indicated. In the case stretch or a bulky yarn, the technique for texturizing should be made clear.

Third, - the linear density of the yarn should be expressed. If the yarn is ply or combination yarn, the linear densities of the individual component and the resulting structure should be stated.

Fourth, - twist direction and frequency should be identified in singles yarn and in individual components in the case of ply yarn.

Fifth, - certain performance characteristics should also be given.

Sixth, - where as indications of strength and breaking extension might be appropriate for some yarn, industrial and special end-use yarns would require much more information relative to mechanical and chemical properties. Staple yarns usually require an expression of the evenness and appearance of the structure.

Finally, - it should be realized that the yarns that are dyed or finished before conversion into fabric or textile products require considerably more stated specifications in a description than do unfinished (greige) yarns. All these basic elements of proper yarn identification and description is a must.

RELATIVE CONSUMPTION OF YARN:

It is estimated that 65% of all yarns consumed annually in the United States are staple type yarns and 35 % are continuous filament type yarns. For economic and technological reasons, the trend has been toward a larger share of the yarn market for continuous filament yarns. Recent developments in the texturizing of continuous filament yarns have created some what an  acceleration in this trend. One-half of the consumption of filament yarn is for tires, carpet and textured apparels; the other-half is for knitted and woven fabrics.

Although the demand for staple yarns has been growing at a slower rate, a growth trend is still quite apparent. The supply of natural fibers with desirable processing characteristics has been fairly constant. At this time, it is estimated that one-half of the staple yarns consumed are composed of natural fibers, and one-half are composed of man-made fibers.

SEWING THREAD:

Sewing threads are specifically designed for efficient, smooth stitching that will not break or become distorted for the useful life of the sewn product. The adequacy of the thread depends upon its composition, construction, and finish as well as its proper selection for the fabric and type of seam to be used.

CONSTRUCTION OF THREAD:

Sewing threads are made of cotton, linen, silk, rayon, or polyester or blends thereof. The properties of the fiber determine its use and application. For example, cotton is the most widely used because of its high versatility and low cost; rayon, which is much weaker, is used primarily for fancy stitch work; polyester is used where strength and water repellency are more important.

All sewing threads are made of ply yarns. The single yarns, which may be spun, filament, or multi component are highly twisted (plied) to form a firmer and more uniform thread than ordinary yarn. Sewing thread may be given special finishes, such as mercerizing, glace or water repellency or swelling to serve particular uses.