They are i)Yarn Count; ii) Number
of filament; iii) Fiber components; iv) Direction and amount of twist; v)
Number of components in folding; vi) Number of components in cabling.
YARN DESCRIPTION:-
To properly describe a specific
yarn for communicative purposes, a great deal of information is required.
First, - the fiber content must be generically
identified, and in the case of blend, by proportion of the total weight of the
yarn. The physical properties of the constituent fibers (fiber length, fineness, crimp, cross-sectional shape, de-lusterment,
etc) should be described also.
Second, - the yarn constructional features (staple or continuous filament; singles, ply or combination) should be indicated. In the case stretch or a bulky yarn, the technique for texturizing should be made clear.
Second, - the yarn constructional features (staple or continuous filament; singles, ply or combination) should be indicated. In the case stretch or a bulky yarn, the technique for texturizing should be made clear.
Third, - the linear density of
the yarn should be expressed. If the yarn is ply or combination yarn, the
linear densities of the individual component and the resulting structure should
be stated.
Fourth, - twist direction and
frequency should be identified in singles yarn and in individual components in
the case of ply yarn.
Fifth, - certain performance
characteristics should also be given.
Sixth, - where as indications of
strength and breaking extension might be appropriate for some yarn, industrial
and special end-use yarns would require much more information relative to mechanical and chemical properties. Staple
yarns usually require an expression of the
evenness and appearance of the structure.
Finally, - it should be realized
that the yarns that are dyed or finished before conversion into fabric or
textile products require considerably more stated specifications in a
description than do unfinished (greige) yarns. All these basic elements of proper yarn identification and description is a must.
RELATIVE CONSUMPTION OF YARN:
It is estimated that 65% of all
yarns consumed annually in the United States are staple type yarns and 35 % are
continuous filament type yarns. For economic and technological reasons, the
trend has been toward a larger share of the yarn market for continuous filament
yarns. Recent developments in the texturizing of continuous filament yarns have
created some what an acceleration in
this trend. One-half of the consumption of filament yarn is for tires, carpet
and textured apparels; the other-half is for knitted and woven fabrics.
Although the demand for staple
yarns has been growing at a slower rate, a growth trend is still quite
apparent. The supply of natural fibers with desirable processing
characteristics has been fairly constant. At this time, it is estimated that
one-half of the staple yarns consumed are composed of natural fibers, and
one-half are composed of man-made fibers.
Sewing threads are specifically
designed for efficient, smooth stitching that will not break or become
distorted for the useful life of the sewn product. The adequacy of the thread
depends upon its composition, construction, and finish as well as its proper
selection for the fabric and type of seam to be used.
CONSTRUCTION OF THREAD:
Sewing threads are made of
cotton, linen, silk, rayon, or polyester or blends thereof. The properties of
the fiber determine its use and application. For example, cotton is the most
widely used because of its high versatility and low cost; rayon, which is much
weaker, is used primarily for fancy stitch work; polyester is used where
strength and water repellency are more important.
All sewing threads are made of
ply yarns. The single yarns, which may be spun, filament, or multi component
are highly twisted (plied) to form a firmer and more uniform thread than
ordinary yarn. Sewing thread may be given special finishes, such as
mercerizing, glace or water repellency or swelling to serve particular uses.
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