Successful cultivation of cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and o moderate rainfall, usually from 600 to 1200 mm (24 to 48 inches). Soils usually need to be fairly heavy, although the level of nutrients does not need to be exceptional.
Soil: common needs a soil with an excellent water holding capacity and aeration and good drainage as it cannot withstand excessive moisture and water logging. The major group of soil of cotton cultivation are the alluvia soils,, black soils, and red sand loam.
Seed rate and piecing: Spending upon the variety, soil type, the cultivation on practices and method of showing, seed rates and spacing have been recommended. A seed rate of 15 – 25 kg/ha and spacing of 75 – 90 cm between the rows are generally recommended for irrigated condition.
Optimum sowing time: sawing of crops depends upon water resources and varies from region of region. Sowing in rows cane be done either by drilling, dibbling, or placing the seeds in furrows behind the ploughs.
Fertilizers: Fertilizer application differs from country f country depending upon available nutrients in the soil. For dry-land cotton crop, 20 kg of nitrogen, 18 kg of phosphorus and 78 kg patash is economical. Nitroget is applied in split doses, half dose at time of sowing and other doubled.
Water requirement: Watering depends upon the nature of the soil and the weather condition. Generally cotton crop needs 6 – 8 irrigations and 600 – 800 mm of water during its lifetime.
Cultivation parctices: Before sowing, the soil ploushed, loosened and harrowed to make soil sutibale for cultivation.
Interculture: Weed control begins 30 – 40 days after sowing. Thinning of cotton is a speicall feature of the irrigated crop.
Diseases and pests: cotton aphids, cotton jassids are controlled by spraying malathion 0.08%. Cotton leaf roller, spotted boll worm, pink boll worm are controlled by dusting crop with 10% carbonyl.
Optimum harvesting time: Cotton is harvested in three or more pickings taken suitable intervals. Tthe season of harvesting varies with of sowing, duration off variety. Generally the grop is sown in June-September and is September-October from November to March to June respectively. Well dried bolls are picked either manually or through harvesters.
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